Hot Air Balloons

Requirements

• State the role each of the following played in the development of flying balloons:
  • Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
  • Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois Laurent Marquis d’Arlandes
  • Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles and Nicolas Louis Robert
  • Ben L. Abruzzo, Maxie L. Anderson, and Larry Newman
  • Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones
• Cite the principle of Archimedes and briefly describe how it applies to each of the following:
  • A piece of cork floating in a bowl of water
  • A ship floating in the ocean
  • A hot air balloon floating in the atmosphere
• Using a Chemistry textbook or a reference book of scientific tables, draw up a simple table showing the composition of air by weight and by volume.
• Draw up a simple table showing a comparison of the atomic number, atomic weight, and density of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and oxygen.
• Name two gases that are used in flying gas-filled balloons.
• Explain how heat/temperature affects the density of air and how this applies to flying hot air balloons.
• Explain the role of each of the following in the structure and flying of a hot air balloon:
  • Envelope
  • Support structure
  • Throat
  • Fuel source
• Name two materials that may be used for the envelope of a hot air balloon, and compare the advantages each cords because of its properties.
• Describe how flying balloons have served a useful function in:
  • Military campaigns
  • Scientific research
• At what time of the day do most sport balloon flights take place? Why?
• Describe how a pilot controls the vertical movement of:
  • A hot air balloon
  • A gas filled balloon
• Describe how a pilot controls the lateral or horizontal movement of a flying balloon.
• Build to completion one model hot air balloon (or two if working in pairs).